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Sigma is a statistical term that describes how much variability there is in a process.
Higher sigma values means less variability.
Higher sigma values are better than low sigma values (see example below).
The less variability a process has, the higher its sigma value.
A sigma value of 6 means that the probability of producing a defect (or the process wandering out of spec) is about 3 out of a million opportunities.
The diagram below is an "approximation" of what 3 sigma vs. 6 sigma variability looks like:

sigma 3 and 6 .gif (19495 bytes)

Six Sigma uses a 5-step methodology to reduce the variability of processes and to solve problems -- DMAIC
Define
Measure
Analyze
Improve
Control
Six Sigma also uses a 5-step methodology to improve the design of products -- DMADV
Define
Measure
Analyze
Design
Verify
Many quality tools and techniques are typically used during a Six Sigma project, such as:
Process Maps
Cause and Effect Matrices
Gauge R&R studies
Capability Analysis
Failure Modes & Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Hypothesis Testing
Design of Experiments (DOE)
Mistake-Proofing
Control Plans

 

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